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in: Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, Elsevier B.V., 2026
Green nanomaterials bioengineering is the newest discipline with a combination of principles of green chemistry, biology and engineering to create nanomaterials with new functions. It is going to develop methods that produce sustainable and environmentally friendly nanomaterial synthesis, and then, use them in white analytical chemistry. It includes use of biological materials like microorganisms and plants in the production of nanoparticles that not only make the environmental impact of the process smaller, but also holds the potential to produce nanoparticles with unusual properties not easily achieved through other methods. In addition to that, green nanomaterials hold a great potential in the fields of white analytical chemistry including the creation of biosensors, targeted drug delivery systems, and the enhancement of analytical separations. Their exceptional characteristics, namely, high surface area, their physical and chemical properties that are tunable, and their ability to functionalize, make them so useful in these applications. The hurdles of biocompatibility, longevity of nanoparticles, treating the possible toxicity of nanoparticles, and the scale-up of the industrial manufacturing process remain. Thus, bioengineering of green nanomaterials in white analytical chemistry is a field in between emphasis on innovation and safety. In this chapter, a summary of the major principles and recent breakthroughs in the bioengineering of green nanomaterials to the white application of analytical chemistry as well as the challenges and future perspectives in this emerging and rapidly growing area of concern will be presented.