The Effect of Gamification in Online Course Design on Learner Participation, Motivation, and Success
Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International , vol.16, no.2, pp.504-529, 2026 (TRDizin)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 16 Issue: 2
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.18039/ajesi.1791471
- Journal Name: Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International
- Journal Indexes: TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
- Page Numbers: pp.504-529
- Anadolu University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of a holistic gamification model, grounded in motivation theories, on the prevalent issues of low learner participation, motivation, and success within open and distance learning (ODL) environments. The research was designed with a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. The study was conducted with 30 students within the scope of a postgraduate course. During the 14-week implementation, an online course environment enriched with gamification elements such as points, badges, a leaderboard, and numerous interactive contents aimed at fostering active learner participation was delivered via the Moodle LMS. Data were collected through LMS system logs, the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS), the Flow State Scale (FSS), the System Usability Scale (SUS), and a questionnaire with open-ended questions. The collected quantitative data were analyzed using non-parametric tests to reveal relationships between variables and differences between groups, while qualitative data were analyzed through descriptive analysis to identify thematic patterns. The findings indicated that nearly all learners participated in the designed gamified online course, found the system highly usable, and achieved a high rate of course success. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were established among system usability, flow, and motivation, and academic success was also found to be significantly related to motivation and flow experiences. The results suggest that holistic and theoretically grounded gamified online course designs are a powerful pedagogical strategy that positively and interdependently affect learner participation, motivation, and success in ODL.