Elements of Open Education: An Invitation to Future Research

Zawacki-Richter O., Conrad D., Bozkurt A., Aydın C. H., Bedenlier S., Jung I., ...More

INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN OPEN AND DISTRIBUTED LEARNING, vol.21, no.3, pp.319-334, 2020 (SSCI) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 21 Issue: 3
  • Publication Date: 2020
  • Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN OPEN AND DISTRIBUTED LEARNING
  • Journal Indexes: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, EBSCO Education Source, Education Abstracts, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Page Numbers: pp.319-334
  • Keywords: open education, open learning, distance education, flexible learning, online learning, open educational resources, internationalization, INTERNATIONALIZATION, CHALLENGES
  • Anadolu University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This paper explores elements of open education within the context of higher education. After an introduction to the origins of open education and its theoretical foundations, the topics of open and distance learning, international education issues in open education, open educational practices and scholarship, open educational resources, MOOCs, prior learning accreditation and recognition, and learner characteristics are considered, following the framework of macro, meso, and micro levels of research in open and distance learning. Implications for future research at the macro, meso, and micro levels are then provided.