The Analysis of the Agricultural Structure and the Trade between Russia and Turkey within the Framework of the Third Food Regime

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Kilavuz E., Yucer E. N.

EKONOMI POLITIKA & FINANS ARASTIRMALARI DERGISI, cilt.8, sa.1, ss.183-207, 2023 (ESCI, TRDizin)

Özet

In addition to climate change, which has been the subject of academic and political studies in recent years, the COVID-19 epidemic and the war between Russia and Ukraine caused the food security problem to be discussed in the world. In 2022, there has been a rapid increase in food prices worldwide, food supply security in many parts of the world, and self-sufficiency problems, especially in grain. In this context, the World Trade Organization (WTO) policies regarding government interventions for agricultural products and inputs should also be discussed. While the WTO Agriculture Agreement policies, which bring regulations regarding internal support, offer advantages to developed countries and multinational companies, they increase the vulnerability of developing countries, especially in terms of local development. In this study, developments in agriculture in Turkey and Russia, which have become more and more economic partners with the influence of conjuncture and geography in recent years, are examined within the framework of the Third Food Regime rules and commercial relations. The relations between the two countries were evaluated from this perspective. According to the current food regime, Turkey is mainly a producer and exporter in the production of labor-intensive vegetables and fruits that cannot be stocked and have a short storage and shelf life. It is an importer of storable grain, feed and oilseeds and animal products. Although the agricultural trade balance gives a surplus, this division of labor in agriculture poses a risk for Turkey in the future, not only in terms of supply security and dependence on imports, but also in terms of sustainable development.