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in: Sustainable Analytical Chemistry: Methods, Materials, and Applications, wiley, pp.1-31, 2026
Sustainable analytical chemistry (SAC) incorporates green chemistry principles to minimize environmental impact while maintaining analytical accuracy. This chapter traces the historical evolution of analytical techniques, from classical methods to modern advancements, and highlights the shift toward green analytical practices inspired by the 12 principles of green chemistry. It explores SAC from environmental, economic, and social perspectives, emphasizing reduced hazardous reagent use, energy efficiency, and responsible research. Key dimensions include green sample preparation, eco-friendly techniques, and energy-efficient instrumentation. Technological innovations such as microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip systems, and AI-driven process optimization enhance sustainability. Despite challenges like high initial costs and knowledge gaps, emerging opportunities in AI and IoT offer promising solutions. Moving forward, integrating sustainable practices into analytical methodologies will enhance environmental, economic, and societal benefits, ensuring a greener and more responsible future for analytical sciences.