Directly oriented and photocrosslinked immuno-potentiometric sensor for detecting immunoglobulin G
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL, cilt.229, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 229
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.119557
- Dergi Adı: MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Index Islamicus, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anadolu Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
In this study, novel potentiometric immunosensors were developed using a photosensitive ruthenium-based photoconjugation crosslinker, Ru (II)(bpy)2MATyr, to achieve efficient and oriented immobilization of Protein A via the light-driven direct conjugation method (ANADOLUCA). The reaction takes place under mild conditions. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra demonstrated that the secondary structure of Protein A was preserved following conjugation. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials were employed as the transducer surfaces to fabricate immunosensors for the rapid and sensitive detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in aqueous solutions. The developed sensors exhibited excellent analytical performance by taking advantage of the high conductivity and electron-transfer properties of nanomaterials. The MWCNTbased immunosensor demonstrated a detection range between 50 and 1000 & micro;g L- 1 with a detection limit of 25 & micro;gL- 1, while the GO-based immunosensor achieved an ultralow detection limit of 1.017 & times; 10-4 & micro;g L- 1 within a range of 0.5-50 & micro;g L- 1. Both sensors provided rapid responses within 2 min. Key performance parameters, including pH effect, response time, lifetime, selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, accuracy, and stability, were systematically evaluated. Both immunosensors demonstrated strong and directional affinity interactions, providing a versatile platform for immunopotentiometric applications. The proposed sensor system is simple, low-cost, and highly efficient. Although these sensor platforms were developed for IgG determination, they show promise for broader diagnostic applications, particularly in point-of-care (POC) settings.